Emerging transition metal and carbon nanomaterial hybrids as electrocatalysts for water splitting: a brief review

分解水 析氧 材料科学 纳米技术 电催化剂 过渡金属 催化作用 贵金属 电解水 石墨烯 制氢 纳米材料 杂原子 化学 电化学 电解 物理化学 有机化学 光催化 戒指(化学) 电极 电解质
作者
Ayaz Muzammil,Rizwan Haider,Wenrui Wei,Yi Wan,Muhammad Ishaq,Muhammad Zahid,Waleed Yaseen,Xianxia Yuan
出处
期刊:Materials horizons [The Royal Society of Chemistry]
卷期号:10 (8): 2764-2799 被引量:9
标识
DOI:10.1039/d3mh00335c
摘要

Electrocatalytic water splitting has appeared to be a sustainable green technology for hydrogen and oxygen production, and noble metal-based electrocatalysts, like Pt for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and RuO2/IrO2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been proved to be state-of-the-art in water electrolyzers. However, high cost and scarcity of noble metals hinder large-scale applications of these electrocatalysts in practical commercial water electrolyzers. As an alternative, transition metal based electrocatalysts have attracted great attention because of the exciting catalytic performance, cost-effectiveness and abundant availability. However, their long-term stability in water splitting devices is unsatisfactory because of agglomeration and dissolution in the harsh operating environment. A possible solution to this issue is encapsulating transition metal (TM) based materials in stable and highly conductive carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) to make a hybrid of TM/CNMs, and the performance of TM/CNMs could be further enhanced by heteroatom (N-, B-, and dual N,B-) doping to carbon network in CNMs to break the carbon electroneutrality due to the different electronegativity, modulate the electronic structure to facilitate the adsorption of reaction intermediates, and promotion of efficient electron transfer to enhance the number of catalytically active sites for water splitting operation. In this review article, the recent progress of TM-based materials hybridizing with CNMs, N-CNMs, B-CNMs, and N,B-CNMs as electrocatalysts towards HER, OER as well as overall water splitting have been summarized, and the challenges and future prospects are also discussed.
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