A preclinical study to determine the anti-epileptic effect of biotin on maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) models in albino rats

Abstract Objectives Vitamin B7(biotin) is not synthesized in our body and is retrieved from some food products like eggs, liver, pork and leafy vegetables and as well as microbes of gut. Deficiency of biotin majorly leads to loss of hair, rashes over skin, lethargy and seizures. It is noted that biotin is an anti-oxidant and negates free radical effects. Biotin is also involved in carbon dioxide metabolism and it might alter seizure threshold. Studies also suggest its effect on lipid metabolism as well. So, the primary objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of biotin in maximal electric shock (MES) induced generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced absence seizures. The secondary objective is to study the effect of combined treatment of biotin and sodium valproate on seizures as well as plasma lipid profile in rats. Methods In our study 30 albino Wistar rats each were used in MES and PTZ model respectively. 30 rats were divided equally into following groups: I – distilled water (negative control) II – distilled water (positive control) III – sodium valproate (300 mg/kg) IV – biotin (10 mg/kg/day) V – biotin (10 mg/kg) + sodium valproate (150 mg/kg). Results We observed that the tonic hind limb extension was significantly reduced in the treatment group in MES model. Nitric oxide levels were also seen raised in combination group in MES model and all the treated groups in PTZ model. Biotin treated group showed increased high-density lipoproteins and reduced low density lipoproteins and triglycerides. Conclusions Biotin had an additive effect to sodium valproate in both the models of epilepsy in rats. Further, it was also able to counteract hyperlipidemia cause by sodium valproate.