生物
瑞士/瑞士法郎
核小体
染色质
RNA聚合酶Ⅱ
增强子
遗传学
发起人
细胞生物学
组蛋白
转录因子
DNA
抄写(语言学)
基因
基因表达
语言学
哲学
作者
Kami Ahmad,Sandipan Brahma,Steven Henikoff
出处
期刊:Molecular Cell
[Elsevier]
日期:2023-11-27
卷期号:84 (2): 194-201
被引量:17
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.045
摘要
In eukaryotic genomes, transcriptional machinery and nucleosomes compete for binding to DNA sequences; thus, a crucial aspect of gene regulatory element function is to modulate chromatin accessibility for transcription factor (TF) and RNA polymerase binding. Recent structural studies have revealed multiple modes of TF engagement with nucleosomes, but how initial "pioneering" results in steady-state DNA accessibility for further TF binding and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) engagement has been unclear. Even less well understood is how distant sites of open chromatin interact with one another, such as when developmental enhancers activate promoters to release RNAPII for productive elongation. Here, we review evidence for the centrality of the conserved SWI/SNF family of nucleosome remodeling complexes, both in pioneering and in mediating enhancer-promoter contacts. Consideration of the nucleosome unwrapping and ATP hydrolysis activities of SWI/SNF complexes, together with their architectural features, may reconcile steady-state TF occupancy with rapid TF dynamics observed by live imaging.
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