Self-powered wireless automatic countering system based on triboelectric nanogenerator for smart logistics

High entropy energy powered Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging field for numerous smart devices where the ambient energy density is several orders of magnitude lower than typical batteries. However, a self-powered system of the same size requires more time to harvest environmental energy, while IoT systems consist of the same sensors, circuits and wireless devices. We proposed a hybrid nanogenerator-based counter system augmented with machine learning. Take an integrated TENG-based counter for online product quantity monitoring as an example: TENG-based wireless optical communication with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can achieve high performance without complex circuits. This strategy not only provides a guide for designing self-powered systems based on TENGs, but also paves a new way to directly transform non-intelligent devices and systems into smart devices and systems powered by high entropy energy.