Effect of Neoadjuvant Therapy on Tumor Tissue PD-L1 and VISTA Expression Levels in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Background: PD-L1 and VISTA are important checkpoint control stations and play an immunomodulatory role in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Method: The expression levels of PD-L1 and VISTA between pre- and post-treatment tumor tissue were compared. Results: While PD-L1 expression was >1% in 35% of patients before neoadjuvant therapy, PD-L1 expression was >1% in 65% of patients after treatment (p = 0.004). VISTA expression was >1% in 41% of patients before treatment, and this rate was 65% after treatment (p = 0.025). Conclusion: Chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy can be used as immunizers by increasing PD-L1 and VISTA expression levels.