Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) attenuates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced endometritis via silent information regulator transcript‐1 (SIRT1)/nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptor pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3) pathway

Abstract The protective effects of epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced endometritis in vivo and in vitro will be explored in this study. The endometritis model was induced in female BALB/c mice uterus by perfusion with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and EGCG were administered at 1 h before LPS induction. The primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) were treated with EGCG for 1 h before LPS stimulation. Uterine histopathological changes, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress markers were determined. The extent of Bax, Bcl‐2, cleaved caspase‐3, silent information regulator transcript‐1 (SIRT1), nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)‐like receptor pyrin domain‐containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein (ASC) and Caspase1 was detected by Western blot and real‐time quantitative PCR assays. The results showed that EGCG significantly reversed the LPS‐induced uterine histopathological changes, MPO activity, pro‐inflammatory cytokine levels. Additionally, EGCG decreased oxidative stress and reduced cell apoptosis by upregulating SIRT1 expression, downregulating the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These findings indicated that EGCG exerted its greatest protective effects by blocking inflammatory responses, lowering oxidative stress, and reducing apoptosis via the SIRT1/NLRP3, making its promising candidate treatment for endometritis.