Rational Design of Silicon Nanodots/Carbon Anodes by Partial Oxidization Strategy with High-Performance Lithium-Ion Storage

Silicon (Si) is considered a promising anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity, low working potential, and safety features. However, the practical use of Si-based anodes is hampered by their huge volume expansion during the process of lithiation/delithiation, and they have relatively low intrinsic electronic conductivity, therefore seriously restricting their application in energy storage. Here, we propose a facile approach to directly transform siliceous biomass (bamboo leaves) into a porous carbon skeleton-wrapped Si nanodot architecture through a partial oxidization strategy and magnesium thermal reaction to obtain a high Si nanodot component composite (denoted as Si/C-O). With the synergistic effect of the porous carbon skeleton structure and uniformly dispersed Si nanodots, the Si/C-O composite anode with a stable structure that can avoid pulverization and accommodate volume expansion during cycling is fabricated. As expected, the biomass-converted Si/C-O anode not only presents a high Si component (59.7 wt %) by TGA but also exhibits an excellent capacity of 1013 mAh g^-1 at 0.5 A g^-1 and robust cycling stability with a capacity retention of 526 mAh g^-1 after 650 cycles. Moreover, the Si/C-O anode demonstrates considerable performance in practical LIBs when assembled with a commercial LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ cathode. This work provides an effective strategy and long-term insights into the utilization of porous Si-based materials converted by biomass to design and synthesize high-performance LIB materials.