Enhancing Spinacia oleracea L. Breeding in the Post Genomics Era

Spinach is a popular cool-season green vegetable that is eaten all around the world. Spinach is a highly heterozygous dioecious, wind-pollinated plant. Spinach plant is a six-chromosome diploid crop (2n = 2x = 12). The spinach plant is characterized by rich nutrients which are high in health-enhancing chemicals and nutrients. Spinach is a rich-nutrient vegetable that is high in minerals and vitamins. To improve the varied qualities of spinach cultivars, several breeding procedures were used. At the level of genome sequencing and annotation, proteins, RNA, and metabolic pathways, many databases were used for the bioinformatics of spinach. Spinach breeders and geneticists are primarily interested in improving spinach for a variety of desirable features, such as abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and high yield. Modern genomics tools and traditional breeding approaches can help achieve these goals. One of the challenges in spinach plant regeneration is establishing full, healthy plants, which is related to plant transplanting to the greenhouse. As a result, tissue culture techniques using variable plant growth regulators can be used to solve the problem.