Metal−organic framework encapsulated Pd nanoparticles: towards advanced heterogeneous catalysts

Palladium precursors were encapsulated through ligand design prior to the MOF assembly, achieving uniformly distributed Pd NPs inside the cavities of MOFs. The embedded Pd NPs exhibited significantly improved catalytic efficiencies as compared to those synthesized by traditional impregnation method, due to the nano-confinement and electron-donation effects offered by MOFs.