聚合物
浸出(土壤学)
催化作用
生物柴油
煅烧
甲醇
材料科学
钾
酯交换
基础(拓扑)
氢氧化钾
钠
无机化学
核化学
化学工程
化学
有机化学
冶金
抗压强度
复合材料
土壤水分
土壤科学
数学分析
工程类
环境科学
数学
作者
Renata Botti,Murilo Daniel de Mello Innocentini,Thais A. Faleiros,Cristina Filomêna Pereira Rosa Paschoalato,Murilo F. Mello,Giorgia Franchin,Paolo Colombo
摘要
Abstract Geopolymer powders and 3D‐printed lattices have shown promising preliminary results as heterogeneous catalysts for the transesterification of vegetable oils to produce biodiesel. However, questions about the basicity of catalytic sites and the leaching characteristics of metals (K, Na) and hydroxyl groups in the reactional mixtures remained. The leaching of alkaline ions in methanol and biodiesel for powder and printed geopolymer formulations based on K, Na, or Na+K activators and treated at 110 to 700°C was investigated, as well as the physiochemical modifications of the materials. The Hammett indicators were used to determine base strength, and both leachable and total basicities were quantified. The amount of Na and K leached into the biodiesel phase was negligible (<1% wt.%). Methanol leaching reached a maximum of 29.3%. The base strength ranged between 11.0 and 18.4. Potassium‐based geopolymer lattices presented the highest basicity, followed by sodium and sodium‐potassium geopolymer catalysts. The basicity of all formulations decreased gradually as the calcination temperature increased. When compared to the homogeneous catalysts NaOH and KOH, the level of biodiesel contamination with Na and K is 81–93% lower. The findings support the heterogeneous nature of geopolymers as biodiesel catalysts and further validates their use for this application.
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