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A Review of Supercapacitors: Materials Design, Modification, and Applications

超级电容器 材料科学 纳米技术 储能 功率密度 涂层 电化学 电极 功率(物理) 化学 量子力学 物理 物理化学
作者
Muhammad Yaseen,Muhammad Arif Khan Khattak,Muhammad Humayun,Muhammad Usman,Syed Shaheen Shah,Shaista Bibi,Syed ul Hasnain Bakhtiar,Shah Masood Ahmad,Abbas Khan,Nasrullah Shah,Asif Ali Tahir,Habib Ullah
出处
期刊:Energies [Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute]
卷期号:14 (22): 7779-7779 被引量:134
标识
DOI:10.3390/en14227779
摘要

Supercapacitors (SCs) have received much interest due to their enhanced electrochemical performance, superior cycling life, excellent specific power, and fast charging–discharging rate. The energy density of SCs is comparable to batteries; however, their power density and cyclability are higher by several orders of magnitude relative to batteries, making them a flexible and compromising energy storage alternative, provided a proper design and efficient materials are used. This review emphasizes various types of SCs, such as electrochemical double-layer capacitors, hybrid supercapacitors, and pseudo-supercapacitors. Furthermore, various synthesis strategies, including sol-gel, electro-polymerization, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, chemical vapor deposition, direct coating, vacuum filtration, de-alloying, microwave auxiliary, in situ polymerization, electro-spinning, silar, carbonization, dipping, and drying methods, are discussed. Furthermore, various functionalizations of SC electrode materials are summarized. In addition to their potential applications, brief insights into the recent advances and associated problems are provided, along with conclusions. This review is a noteworthy addition because of its simplicity and conciseness with regard to SCs, which can be helpful for researchers who are not directly involved in electrochemical energy storage.
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