X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of the rhodium on charcoal catalyst II. Dispersion as a function of reduction

A combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ESCA) and X-ray diffraction measurements has been used to demonstrate the sensitivity of the dispersion of rhodium on charcoal catalysts to reductive environments at temperatures between 75 and 700 °C. The measurements demonstrate that H2 chemisorption is unreliable for the determination of rhodium dispersion for this catalyst system.