Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework

Abstract This paper focuses on scoping studies, an approach to reviewing the literature which to date has received little attention in the research methods literature. We distinguish between different types of scoping studies and indicate where these stand in relation to full systematic reviews. We outline a framework for conducting a scoping study based on our recent experiences of reviewing the literature on services for carers for people with mental health problems. Where appropriate, our approach to scoping the field is contrasted with the procedures followed in systematic reviews. We emphasize how including a consultation exercise in this sort of study may enhance the results, making them more useful to policy makers, practitioners and service users. Finally, we consider the advantages and limitations of the approach and suggest that a wider debate is called for about the role of the scoping study in relation to other types of literature reviews. Acknowledgements This paper is based on a study funded by a grant from the UK NHS Service Delivery & Organization (SDO) Research and Development Programme. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily shared by any individual, government or agency. We wish to thank our colleagues on this project: Sally Baldwin (Department of Social Policy and Social Work, University of York) and Jennifer Harris (SPRU, University of York); Anne Mason (Centre for Health Economics, University of York); Su Golder (NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York); Elizabeth Newbronner and Philippa Hare (Acton.Shapiro). Sally Baldwin died tragically in October 2003. Sally was a key member of the research team, and we greatly valued her input to the project and this article. We are grateful to Julie Glanville, Su Golder, Rachel Peto, Gill Ritchie, Mark Rodgers, Amanda Sowden, Alison Wallace and Kath Wright for comments on an earlier draft of this paper. We would also like to acknowledge the referees' comments which have been incorporated into the paper. Notes We would like to acknowledge Su Golder's valuable support and contribution to the scoping study. Additional informationNotes on contributorsHilary ArkseyLisa O'Malley is a Research Fellow in the Centre for Housing Policy at the University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD; UK. Tel: + 44 (0)1904 321480; Fax: + 44 (0)1904 321481; Email: ljg104@york.ac.uk. Her research interests include research methods; the Internet, health and social policy; and the voluntary sector.