Research Progress of Effect of Direct Straw Returning on Soil Microorganism, Physical and Chemical Characteristics and Enzyme Activities

我国的秸秆资源丰富，秸秆田间直接焚烧现象比较普遍，被有效利用的则较少，没有充分发挥出秸秆的利用价值。该文综述了秸秆直接焚烧的危害，探讨秸秆直接还田对农田土壤理化特性、土壤微生物和酶活性的影响，认为短期还田对土壤性能改变的贡献相对较小；长期适量秸秆还田能够增加土壤有机质含量，改善土壤中微生物种群的组成，协调土壤理化性质，利于构建良好的土壤结构；过量还田对土壤结构会产生短期的不利效应。 The straw resources are very abundant in China and direct straw burning is popular in some areas, leading to the ineffective utilization of straw. In this review, the harm of straw burning, and the effects of straw direct returning on oil microorganism, physical and chemical characteristics and enzyme activities were reviewed. Short-term straw returning contributed less to soil properties as compared with long-term straw returning. Long-term straw returning increased the content of soil organic matter, optimized the composition of soil microbial populations, coordinated soil physical and chemical properties, and improved soil structure. Overuse of straw returning had short-term negative impacts on soil structure.