Electroreduction of CO2 to CO with metal-free nitrogen-doped carbon (N–C) catalysts offers an eco-friendly approach for CO2 reuse. Nevertheless, it is challenging to achieve high selectivity and activity when biased at low overpotentials. Here, we report a porous N, P dual-doped carbon nanosheet catalyst (NPC) synthesized through a novel sacrificial templating approach for efficient CO2 reduction. The as-obtained NPC achieves a high CO Faradaic efficiency of 88% and exhibits good stability for 27 h at a low overpotential (only 300 mV), which attributes to the superior 2D carbon nanosheet structure with a high surface area and synergistic effects of N, P on the carbon frameworks. This work provides insights into designing metal-free N–C catalysts for high-efficiency CO2 reduction.