Hydrogeochemistry of the Indian thermal springs: Current status

地质学 弹簧(装置) 前寒武纪 构造盆地 地球化学 冈瓦纳大陆 水文学(农业) 地貌学 机械工程 工程类 岩土工程
作者
Prasenjit Das,K. Maya,D. Padmalal
出处
期刊:Earth-Science Reviews [Elsevier]
卷期号:224: 103890-103890 被引量:17
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103890
摘要

The widely distributed thermal springs in India are reviewed from a hydrogeochemical and isotopic perspective. Based on the geotectonic framework, the thermal springs are classified into four groups: (a) Orogenic belt, (b) Areas of deep-seated faults and lineaments, (c) Rifts and grabens of Gondwana basin and (d) Deep sedimentary basin. Detailed investigations over the last few decades culminated in the development of a vast geochemical database for thermal springs and associated gaseous phases, which are now available online since the late 1960s. After a careful evaluation of their quality and reliability, these data have been used in this study. Representative datasets of thermal spring waters from each group and subgroup have been evaluated following a classical approach, including water classifications, use of the triangular diagrams, geothermometric estimates and isotopic signatures that identified significant hydrogeochemical variations among different thermal spring clusters. Differences in rock-water interactions, and system characteristics such as water source, heat source, and topographic relief, were found to be the causes of observed variations. Thermal springs near the coast of western India have a high Cl content relative to Na, indicating that they have been influenced by seawater. Most thermal springs in the northern territory have high HCO 3 and low Cl, suggesting that they have mixed with HCO 3 -rich near-surface water. Due to their emergence from the Precambrian crystallines, most thermal springs in the central and eastern part of India are distributed within the Na-Cl and Na-Cl-HCO 3 type facies with low SO 4 content. Different geochemical thermometers such as silica, cation thermometers, and a combination of silica K-Mg systems were used to estimate reservoir temperatures, resulting in a temperature range of roughly 60–140°C. Because of the lack of equilibrium, the values of reservoir temperatures between 200°C and 300°C obtained using Na-K geothermometers may not be reliable. In general, the reservoir temperatures for thermal springs in India's northern and eastern parts are greater than those located in the southern and western continental margins. The chemistry of the associated gaseous discharges is dominated by atmospheric components. The exceptions are thermal springs from the Orogenic belt of Himalaya that are enriched with CO 2 possibly sourced from metamorphic decarbonation. The 3 He/ 4 He isotopic ratio in the gaseous discharge across all the groups and subgroups predominantly bears signatures of crustal origin. Stable isotopic signatures strongly suggest that these hydrothermal systems are predominantly recharged by local meteoric waters. In contrast, a discernible positive oxygen-isotopic shift in thermal waters indicates the existence of high enthalpy reservoirs in the NW Himalayan region. With the exception of a few springs, long circulation time (>50 years) of meteoric waters within the conduit is indicated by low tritium values in the thermal waters. • Hydrogeochemistry of the Indian thermal springs has been reviewed from a chemical and isotopic perspective. • The Indian thermal springs exhibit a unique distribution pattern that follow structure developed by past geotectonic processes. • The thermal spring clusters are either Na-HCO 3 or Na-Cl type, except for the Himalayan springs that show wide variability. • The waters are primarily of meteoric origin and 18 O-shifted high-enthalpy waters have only been identified in the eastern Indian shield area and trans-Himalayan region. • The gas chemistry of thermal springs reflects non-magmatic crustal sources.
最长约 10秒,即可获得该文献文件

科研通智能强力驱动
Strongly Powered by AbleSci AI
更新
大幅提高文件上传限制,最高150M (2024-4-1)

科研通是完全免费的文献互助平台,具备全网最快的应助速度,最高的求助完成率。 对每一个文献求助,科研通都将尽心尽力,给求助人一个满意的交代。
实时播报
沉静盼易发布了新的文献求助10
刚刚
汉堡包应助学习要认真喽采纳,获得10
刚刚
小熊妮子爱喝草莓乌龙茶完成签到 ,获得积分10
刚刚
英俊的铭应助冷傲的双双采纳,获得10
刚刚
1秒前
嘻鱼徐完成签到,获得积分20
2秒前
2秒前
yuaaaann发布了新的文献求助30
2秒前
你香发布了新的文献求助10
2秒前
hui_L完成签到,获得积分20
2秒前
Ava应助沉静盼易采纳,获得10
2秒前
3秒前
无花果应助愉快彩虹采纳,获得10
3秒前
4秒前
风趣雁山发布了新的文献求助10
4秒前
lisating关注了科研通微信公众号
5秒前
13654135090完成签到,获得积分10
6秒前
6秒前
7秒前
YXL完成签到,获得积分10
7秒前
8秒前
毛毛发布了新的文献求助10
9秒前
Hello应助LinYX采纳,获得10
9秒前
乐乐应助田小姐采纳,获得10
10秒前
10秒前
风趣雁山完成签到,获得积分10
11秒前
11秒前
12秒前
今后应助yyh12138采纳,获得10
12秒前
13秒前
xixi完成签到 ,获得积分10
14秒前
无花果应助1485155145采纳,获得10
15秒前
香蕉觅云应助凌风采纳,获得10
15秒前
搜集达人应助tan采纳,获得10
16秒前
sunsun完成签到,获得积分10
16秒前
16秒前
徐瑶瑶发布了新的文献求助10
17秒前
jing77发布了新的文献求助10
17秒前
陌年微凉发布了新的文献求助10
17秒前
风趣的兔子完成签到,获得积分20
17秒前
高分求助中
Earth System Geophysics 1000
Studies on the inheritance of some characters in rice Oryza sativa L 600
《关于整治突出dupin问题的实施意见》(厅字〔2019〕52号) 500
Mathematics and Finite Element Discretizations of Incompressible Navier—Stokes Flows 500
Language injustice and social equity in EMI policies in China 500
mTOR signalling in RPGR-associated Retinitis Pigmentosa 500
A new species of Velataspis (Hemiptera Coccoidea Diaspididae) from tea in Assam 500
热门求助领域 (近24小时)
化学 医学 生物 材料科学 工程类 有机化学 生物化学 物理 内科学 纳米技术 计算机科学 化学工程 复合材料 基因 遗传学 催化作用 物理化学 免疫学 量子力学 细胞生物学
热门帖子
关注 科研通微信公众号,转发送积分 3207077
求助须知:如何正确求助?哪些是违规求助? 2856482
关于积分的说明 8105015
捐赠科研通 2521596
什么是DOI,文献DOI怎么找? 1354957
科研通“疑难数据库(出版商)”最低求助积分说明 642125
邀请新用户注册赠送积分活动 613343