Exploring the Mechanical Perspective of a New Anti-Tumor Agent: Melatonin

褪黑素 癌症 表观遗传学 生物 免疫系统 癌症研究 松果体 癌细胞 医学 内科学 免疫学 内分泌学 生物化学 基因
作者
Suman Rohilla,Mahaveer Singh,Sakshi Priya,Waleed Hassan Almalki,Shahril Mohamed Haniffa,Vetriselvan Subramaniyan,Shivkanya Fuloria,Neeraj Kumar Fuloria,Mahendran Sekar,Sachin Kumar Singh,Niraj Kumar Jha,Dinesh Kumar Chellappan,Poonam Negi,Kamal Dua,Gaurav Gupta
出处
期刊:Journal of Environmental Pathology Toxicology and Oncology [Begell House]
卷期号:42 (1): 1-16 被引量:41
标识
DOI:10.1615/jenvironpatholtoxicoloncol.2022042088
摘要

Melatonin is a serotonin-derived pineal gland hormone with many biological functions like regulating the sleep-wake cycle, circadian rhythm, menstrual cycle, aging, immunity, and antioxidants. Melatonin synthesis and release are more pronounced during the night, whereas exposure to light decreases it. Evidence is mounting in favor of the therapeutic effects of melatonin in cancer prevention, treatment and delayed onset in various cancer subtypes. Melatonin exerts its anticancer effect through modification of its receptors such as melatonin 1 (MT1), melatonin 2 (MT2), and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation/demethylation, histone acetylation/deacetylation), metastasis, angiogenesis, altered cellular energetics, and immune evasion. Melatonin performs a significant function in immune modulation and enhances innate and cellular immunity. In addition, melatonin has a remarkable impact on epigenetic modulation of gene expression and alters the transcription of genes. As an adjuvant to cancer therapies, it acts by decreasing the side effects and boosting the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy. Since current treatments produce drug-induced unwanted toxicities and side effects, they require alternate therapies. A recent review article attempts to summarize the mechanistic perspective of melatonin in different cancer subtypes like skin cancer, breast cancer, hepatic cancer, renal cell cancer, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), colon oral, neck, and head cancer. The various studies described in this review will give a firm basis for the future evolution of anticancer drugs.
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