Determination of glyphosate using electrochemical aptamer-based label-free voltammetric biosensing platform

Glyphosate is currently the most frequently used herbicide in the agricultural industry. Due to its widespread usage, there are concerns about its potential toxicity when it contaminates water, soil, and agricultural products. In this study, a simple aptamer-based biosensor was developed to detect glyphosate. The electrode surfaces were modified by reducing diazonium salts during electrodeposition and forming carboxylic acid groups. The immobilization of aminoated glyphosate aptamers on the electrode surface was then carried out using a carbodiimide reaction between the amino and carboxylic acid groups. The electrochemical cell circuit was completed using an analyte and redox probe solution on the electrode surface. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were then explored to investigate their potential as biosensors. Upon exposure to glyphosate, the spatial conformation of the specific aptamer used is altered, which generates an electrochemical response that can be quantified. Glyphosate could be quantified using voltammetry in the 1 to 5000 nM range, with a 0.67 nM detection limit. Furthermore, the constructed aptasensor demonstrated significant selectivity for glyphosate in the presence of interfering substances like glycine, dimethoate, and alanine. This biosensor has considerable potential for evaluating glyphosate in actual samples because of its simple design, high sensitivity, and rapid functionality. Moreover, developing a simple, cost-effective, and portable device for field applications may be possible.