Flexoelectricity in BaTiO3-based ceramics

Among the lead-free ceramic materials, barium titanate (BaTiO3) is the most widely studied perovskite-type ferroelectric. BaTiO3 exhibits a high dielectric constant, making it more suitable for obtaining higher flexoelectric performance. This chapter elucidates the various experimental methods for measuring flexoelectric coefficients using cantilever beam systems. It also gives a detailed discussion of the flexoelectric response's temperature dependence, explaining the nonlinear relationship of the coefficient with the dielectric permittivity. The thermal dependency of the effect is also explained in BaTiO3-based composite ceramics, which shows the potential application of these materials, within a broad temperature range, in micro- and nanosensing. It describes various approaches to explain the difference between the experimental and theoretical results of flexoelectric measurement in BaTiO3. This chapter provides a clear idea of the experimental characterization techniques and theoretical models of the flexoelectric effect in BaTiO3-based ceramics and its potential applications.