Functional and microstructural plasticity following social and interoceptive mental training

心理学 神经影像学 认知 交互感受 神经功能成像 神经可塑性 眶额皮质 神经科学 认知心理学 功能磁共振成像 前额叶皮质 感知
作者
Sofie L. Valk,Philipp Kanske,Bo‐yong Park,Sae Yong Hong,Anne Böckler,Fynn‐Mathis Trautwein,Boris C. Bernhardt,Tania Singer
标识
DOI:10.1101/2020.11.11.377895
摘要

Abstract The human brain scaffolds social cognitive functions, including Theory of Mind, empathy and compassion, through its functional and microstructural organization. However, it remains unclear how the learning and refinement of these skills may, in turn, shape brain function and structure. Here we studied if different types of social mental training can lead to plastic changes in brain function and microstructure. We studied a group of 332 healthy adults (197 women, 20-55 years) with repeated multimodal neuroimaging and behavioral testing. Our neuroimaging approach capitalized on the quantification of cortical functional gradients and myelin-sensitive T1 relaxometry, two emerging measures of cortical functional organization and microstructure. Longitudinal analysis indicated marked changes in intrinsic cortical function and microstructure, which varied as a function of social training content. In particular, we observed consistent differential change in function and microstructure between attention-mindfulness and socio-cognitive training in regions functionally associated with attention and interoception, including insular and parietal cortices. Conversely, socio-affective and socio-cognitive training resulted in differential microstructural changes in regions classically implicated in interoceptive and emotional processing, including insular and orbitofrontal areas, but did not result in functional reorganization. Notably, longitudinal changes in cortical function and microstructure were predictive of behavioral change in attention, compassion and perspective-taking, suggesting behavioral relevance. In sum, our work provides evidence for functional and microstructural plasticity after the training of social-interoceptive functions, and provides a causal perspective on the neural basis of behavioral adaptation in human adults.
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