A model of the structure of cotton cellulose is proposed, taking into account the presence of a system of slit-like pores between its structural elements. Using 1H-NMR spectroscopy, adsorption and desorption measurements, it was possible to determine the specific surface area of the pore walls of hydrated cotton cellulose. The nature of the change in the degree of crystallinity of cellulose and the specific surface area of its intercrystalline pores at different stages of wetting is shown. It found that the contribution of the porous system to the total specific surface area of cotton cellulose with a crystallinity of 0.7 in adsorption-desorption processes does not exceed 70%.