Effects of external physical fields on electrocatalysis

Electrocatalytic systems hold great potential in the future sustainable energy landscape by providing green fuels and converting harmful pollutants into eco-friendly substances. The yield and selectivity of associated reactions that control the whole-system energy efficiencies determine the role of electrocatalysis in such energy landscapes. Recently, researchers have incorporated external fields in varied electrocatalytic reactions to accelerate the charge and mass transfer for improving reaction kinetics and modulating specific reaction steps for adjusting the reaction selectivity. This review highlights external field-assisted electrocatalysis techniques and the manner in which the reactions are affected. Finally, perspectives on current challenges and future opportunities in this promising area are discussed.