Heterogeneous Photocatalysis by Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Effective Hydrogen Production

Current society greatly relies on fossil fuels as the primary energy source. Since fossil fuels are limited and their fast depletion, renewable energy sources have materialized as forthcoming substitutes to the fossil fuels. The hydrogen (H 2 ) gas is anticipated to attain future energy key challenges and overcome the ecofriendly problems productively. Amongst various strategies including wind-powered hydrogen generation, bioconversion, etc., photocatalytic water splitting has attracted massive attention for the evolution of hydrogen energy. Owing to its inexpensive, easy synthesis, metal free-semiconductor behavior and effective visible light adsorption, etc., graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) gained immense attraction in the discipline of photocatalysis applications including photodeg-radation of dyes, and photocatalytic hydrogen production. This chapter mainly reviewed the current advancements in design and morphology changes of g-C 3 N 4 such as porous, crystalline, thin nanosheets, metal doping/g-C 3 N 4 , and semicon-ductor/g-C 3 N 4 heterogeneous photocatalysts for enhancing the H 2 production by photocatalytic water splitting. Furthermore, the fundamental challenges and future outlooks herein photocatalytic water splitting system for the evolution of H 2 energy were highlighted.