Signal enhancement in electrochemiluminescence systems based on porphyrins

Porphyrins, as significant electrochemical luminaries, have garnered extensive attention due to their distinctive structure and superior photoelectric properties in recent years. However, the potential aggregation resulting from water insolubility in aqueous phases, as well as its inherent instability and weaker Q-band, continue to pose challenges for the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) applications of porphyrins. This review provides a comprehensive summary of different strategies aimed at achieving high efficiency of porphyrin in ECL and signal amplification. Finally, a critical perspective and future prospects regarding the developmental trends of porphyrins are presented.