Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has received much attention as an environmentally friendly oxidant and a renewable energy carrier. This perspective examines metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as highly effective materials for promoting photocatalytic H2O2 production. The design flexibility of MOFs enables not only the development of highly efficient photocatalysts but also the construction of rational reaction systems for photocatalytic H2O2 production. The goal of the present perspective is to summarize recent advances in the application of MOFs to this purpose and to provide detailed insights into the development of photocatalysts intended for H2O2 production.