Automated extraction of baleen whale calls based on the pseudo-Wigner–Ville distribution

光谱图 鲸鱼 计算机科学 须鲸 露脊鲸 声学 滤波器(信号处理) 模式识别(心理学) 采样(信号处理) 人工智能 计算机视觉 物理 生物 渔业
作者
Wangyi Pu,Songzuo Liu,Qingming Xin,Gang Qiao,Suleman Mazhar,Tianlong Ma
出处
期刊:Journal of the Acoustical Society of America [Acoustical Society of America]
卷期号:153 (3): 1564-1579
标识
DOI:10.1121/10.0017457
摘要

Baleen whales produce a wide variety of frequency-modulated calls. Extraction of the time-frequency (TF) structures of these calls forms the basis for many applications, including abundance estimation and species recognition. Typical methods to extract the contours of whale calls from a spectrogram are based on the short-time Fourier transform and are, thus, restricted by a fixed TF resolution. Considering the low-frequency nature of baleen whale calls, this work represents the contours using a pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution for a higher TF resolution at the cost of introducing cross terms. An adaptive threshold is proposed followed by a modified Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density filter to extract the contours. Finally, the artificial contours, which are caused by the cross terms, can be removed in post-processing. Simulations were conducted to explore how the signal-to-noise ratio influences the performance of the proposed method. Then, in experiments based on real data, the contours of the calls of three kinds of baleen whales were extracted in a highly accurate manner (with mean deviations of 5.4 and 0.051 Hz from the ground-truth contours at sampling rates of 4000 and 100 Hz, respectively) with a recall of 75% and a precision of 78.5%.
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