Defocus-induced spatial changes in choroidal thickness of chicks observed by wide-field swept-source OCT

Choroid has been claimed to be of importance during ocular development. However, how the choroid responds spatially to different visual cues has not been fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate defocus-induced spatial changes in choroidal thickness (ChT) in chicks. Eight 10-day-old chicks were fitted monocularly with -10 D or +10 D lenses (day 0), which were removed seven days later (day 7). The ChT was measured on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 using wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and analyzed with custom-made software. Comparisons of the ChT in the central (1 mm), paracentral (1-3 mm), and peripheral (3-6 mm) ring areas and the ChT in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal regions were conducted. Axial lengths and refractions were also evaluated. In the negative lens group, the global ChT of the treated eyes was significantly less than that of the fellow eyes on day 7 (interocular difference: 179.28 ± 25.94 μm, P = 0.001), but thicker on day 21 (interocular difference: 241.80 ± 57.13 μm, P = 0.024). These changes were more pronounced in the central choroid. The superior-temporal choroid changed more during induction but less during recovery. In the positive lens group, the ChT of both eyes increased on day 7 and decreased on day 21, with most changes occurring in the central region, too. The inferior-nasal choroid of the treated eyes changed more during induction but less during recovery. These results provide evidence for regionally asymmetric characteristics of the choroidal response to visual cues and insights into the underlying mechanisms of emmetropization.