拓扑量子数
物理
涡流
超导电性
绕组编号
拓扑(电路)
电场
拓扑缺陷
量化(信号处理)
束缚态
电荷(物理)
不变(物理)
量子力学
数学
数学分析
组合数学
热力学
算法
作者
Julien Garaud,Egor Babaev
标识
DOI:10.1103/physrevb.89.214507
摘要
We investigate the topological defects in phenomenological models describing mixtures of charged condensates with commensurate electric charges. Such situations are expected to appear for example in liquid metallic deuterium. This is modeled by a multicomponent Ginzburg-Landau theory where the condensates are coupled to the same gauge field by different coupling constants whose ratio is a rational number. We also briefly discuss the case where electric charges are incommensurate. Flux quantization and finiteness of the energy per unit length dictate that the different condensates have different winding and thus different number of (fractional) vortices. Competing attractive and repulsive interactions lead to molecule-like bound states between fractional vortices. Such bound states have finite energy and carry integer flux quanta. These can be characterized by the $\mathbb{C}{P}^{1}$ topological invariant that motivates their denomination as skyrmions.
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