星形胶质增生
神经炎症
星形胶质细胞
神经科学
背景(考古学)
生物
实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎
中枢神经系统
小胶质细胞
多发性硬化
神经胶质
神经免疫学
免疫学
炎症
古生物学
作者
Iva Božić,Danijela Savić,Irena Lavrnja
出处
期刊:PubMed
日期:2021-03-01
卷期号:36 (3): 267-290
被引量:13
摘要
Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), have numerous integral roles in all CNS functions. They are essential for synaptic transmission and support neurons by providing metabolic substrates, secreting growth factors and regulating extracellular concentrations of ions and neurotransmitters. Astrocytes respond to CNS insults through reactive astrogliosis, in which they go through many functional and molecular changes. In neuroinflammatory conditions reactive astrocytes exert both beneficial and detrimental functions, depending on the context and heterogeneity of astrocytic populations. In this review we profile astrocytic diversity in the context of neuroinflammation; with a specific focus on multiple sclerosis (MS) and its best-described animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We characterize two main subtypes, protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes and describe the role of intermediate filaments in the physiology and pathology of these cells. Additionally, we outline a variety of markers that are emerging as important in investigating astrocytic biology in both physiological conditions and neuroinflammation.
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