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Physiological Roles of Mast Cells: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2019

免疫系统 免疫学 肥大细胞 生物 平衡 效应器 炎症 细胞生物学
作者
Gilda Varricchi,Francesca Wanda Rossi,Maria Rosaria Galdiero,Francescopaolo Granata,Gjada Criscuolo,Giuseppe Spadaro,Amato de Paulis,Gianni Marone
出处
期刊:International Archives of Allergy and Immunology [Karger Publishers]
卷期号:179 (4): 247-261 被引量:106
标识
DOI:10.1159/000500088
摘要

Mast cells are immune cells which have a widespread distribution in nearly all tissues. These cells and their mediators are canonically viewed as primary effector cells in allergic disorders. However, in the last years, mast cells have gained recognition for their involvement in several physiological and pathological conditions. They are highly heterogeneous immune cells displaying a constellation of surface receptors and producing a wide spectrum of inflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators. These features enable the cells to act as sentinels in harmful situations as well as respond to metabolic and immune changes in their microenvironment. Moreover, they communicate with many immune and nonimmune cells implicated in several immunological responses. Although mast cells contribute to host responses in experimental infections, there is no satisfactory model to study how they contribute to infection outcome in humans. Mast cells modulate physiological and pathological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, but their role in tumor initiation and development is still controversial. Cardiac mast cells store and release several mediators that can exert multiple effects in the homeostatic control of different cardiometabolic functions. Although mast cells and their mediators have been simplistically associated with detrimental roles in allergic disorders, there is increasing evidence that they can also have homeostatic or protective roles in several pathophysiological processes. These findings may reflect the functional heterogeneity of different subsets of mast cells.
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