The differences of functional brain network in processing auditory phonological tasks between Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals and Mandarin monolinguals

To explore the differences of functional brain networks in processing auditory phonological tasks between Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals and Mandarin monolinguals. 31 Cantonese-Mandarin bilinguals and 31 Mandarin monolinguals performed auditory rhyming tasks under a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. Bilinguals performed two language tasks (Cantonese, CC; Mandarin, CM), while monolinguals performed only one task (Mandarin, MM). Graph theory and network-based statistic (NBS) analyses were used to reveal the differences of functional brain networks among CC, CM and MM. The functional brain networks of CC, CM and MM were all small-world, and there were no differences in network properties, but widespread differences in functional connectivity among distributed brain regions. The Cantonese-Mandarin bilingualism and Mandarin monolingualism shared similar efficient topological structure of brain network for auditory phonological processing, but varied in widespread functional connectivity. And the two languages within bilingualism employed different functional brain networks for auditory phonological processing.