The effect of gender identity and gender threat on self-image

心理学 外群 女性气质 愤怒 社会心理学 自我形象 内群和外群 男子气概 发展心理学 身份(音乐) 性别角色 社会认同理论 调解 性别认同 社会团体 物理 精神分析 法学 声学 政治学
作者
Troy G. Steiner,Theresa K. Vescio,Reginald B. Adams
出处
期刊:Journal of Experimental Social Psychology [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:101: 104335-104335 被引量:13
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104335
摘要

The present work examined whether men's and women's gender-identities and experiences of gender threats influenced their self-images. Findings across two studies (N = 567) revealed that masculinity in men appears to be more precarious than femininity is in women, but when similarly threatened in a given situation both men's and women's anger predicted their construction of gender compensatory self-images. Specifically, in Study 1, participants' definition of the self in terms of gender ingroup (vs. outgroup) traits (a) positively predicted the gender stereotypicality of men's and women's actual photographs and women's constructed self-images, but (b) negatively predicted the gender stereotypicality of men's self-images. Men whose self definitions least strongly prioritized gender ingroup (over outgroup) traits generated the most gender stereotypic self-images, as rated by independent judges. In addition, in Study 2, after being led to believe that they performed like average members of their gender outgroup (i.e., threat condition) on a gender knowledge test, men expressed more public discomfort and were angrier than women. Gender threat (vs. assurance) also indirectly predicted the generation of more gender stereotypic self-images for men, but not women; this effect was significant via serial mediation, through public discomfort and anger. However, extending prior findings, anger (but not public discomfort) was significantly associated with and predicted the construction of feedback contradicting self-images similarly. We discuss the implications of these findings for theory and research on gender-identity, self-image, and compensatory gender threat responses.
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