因果关系(物理学)
因果推理
感知
推论
认知心理学
心理学
刺激(心理学)
双眼竞争
视觉感受
因果推理
因果模型
计算机科学
认知
人工智能
神经科学
计量经济学
数学
统计
物理
量子力学
作者
Pieter Moors,Johan Wagemans,Lee de-Wit
出处
期刊:PeerJ
[PeerJ]
日期:2017-01-26
卷期号:5: e2932-e2932
被引量:24
摘要
Philosophers have long argued that causality cannot be directly observed but requires a conscious inference (Hume, 1967). Albert Michotte however developed numerous visual phenomena in which people seemed to perceive causality akin to primary visual properties like colour or motion (Michotte, 1946). Michotte claimed that the perception of causality did not require a conscious, deliberate inference but, working over 70 years ago, he did not have access to the experimental methods to test this claim. Here we employ Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS)—an interocular suppression technique to render stimuli invisible (Tsuchiya & Koch, 2005)—to test whether causal events enter awareness faster than non-causal events. We presented observers with ‘causal’ and ‘non-causal’ events, and found consistent evidence that participants become aware of causal events more rapidly than non-causal events. Our results suggest that, whilst causality must be inferred from sensory evidence, this inference might be computed at low levels of perceptual processing, and does not depend on a deliberative conscious evaluation of the stimulus. This work therefore supports Michotte’s contention that, like colour or motion, causality is an immediate property of our perception of the world.
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