Vitamin D receptor activated by vitamin D administration alleviates Mycobacterium tuberculosis ‐induced bone destruction by inhibiting NFκB‐mediated aberrant osteoclastogenesis

Clinically, bone destruction caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis was serious especially in patients with vitamin D (VD) deficiency. However, the role of VD in M. tuberculosis-induced bone destruction remains clear. In this context, we investigate the role of VD and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in the M. tuberculosis-induced bone destruction. First, we infected RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (M. bovis BCG) in vitro. Then, we activated VDR through VD administration. TRAP and FAK staining, bone resorption assays, immunofluorescence staining, qPCR, and western blot were carried out. In vivo, the M. tuberculosis-induced osteolytic model on the murine skull was established and the μCT and histological analyses were performed. We found that VDR and TRAP were upregulated in bone tuberculosis tissue and proved that M. tuberculosis infection promoted osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 and BMMs. VD could inhibit osteoclasts differentiation, fusion, and bone resorption dose-dependently. However, when VDR was knocked down, the inhibitory effect of VD on osteoclasts disappeared. In mechanism, activation of VDR inhibits the phosphorylation of IκB α, thereby inhibiting NFκB signaling pathway and alleviating osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, in the skull osteolysis model, VD administration reduced osteolysis, but not in VDR−/− mice. Our study, for the first time, demonstrates that activation of VDR by VD administration inhibits M. tuberculosis-induced bone destruction. Our results reveal that VD and VDR are potential therapeutic targets for M. tuberculosis-induced bone destruction, and are of great clinical significance for the development of new therapeutic strategies.