Recent advances in preparations and applications of carbon aerogels: A review

The unique properties and practical utility of carbon-based materials have transformed the modern scientific fields of electrical energy storage (EES), environmental science, and materials chemistry. Their outstanding mechanical properties and extraordinary conductivity provide enormous potential for applications in divers areas. However, impurities derived from precursors and uncontrollable variations in the properties of natural carbonaceous materials have created a growing demand for synthetic carbon-based alternatives. The high purity and structural controllability of carbon aerogels make them promising alternatives as a remedy of those hindrance. The unique features of carbon aerogels enable them to be employed as energy storage materials, catalytic scaffolds, and adsorbents. Furthermore, Knudsen effect and hydrophobicity of carbon aerogels promote the applications for organic pollutant separators and thermal insulators. The aims of this review are to provide a brief overview of the history and fundamental concepts surrounding carbon aerogels and to present a comprehensive summary of recent developments for their application.