Equifinal configurations of shaping ambidextrous environmental strategy and the subsequent performance outcome

Purpose This study explores the antecedent configurations shaping ambidextrous environmental strategy (AES) and the subsequent performance outcomes. The lack of literature from the configurational perspective and inconsistent performance results suggest that this study has significant implications for practitioners, policymakers and the public. Therefore, this study aims to investigate how different antecedent conditions interact to shape AES and subsequent performance outcomes. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the research aims, the current research utilize research techniques based on technology–organization–environment framework and configurational perspective. This study collects data from 317 Chinese manufacturing enterprises and tests the theoretical framework using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis and propensity score matching. Findings Perceived institutional pressure, green supply chain integration and digital technology adoption form four paths that lead to the existence of AES. There are four sets of replaceable conditions between distinct paths. In addition, except for configuration P3, all other configurations promote environmental, operational and financial performance. Research limitations/implications Our results provide new insights for enterprises to shape AES and achieve multiple performances, and new ideas for promoting environmental policies and public environmental awareness. Originality/value This study adds literature on AES and confirms multiple drivers, revealing their interaction mechanisms and key antecedent conditions. In addition, this study promotes the performance practice of AES by examining different AES configurations that achieve triple performance and insignificant operational performance.