Damage Localization, Identification and Evolution Studies during Quasi-Static Indentation of CFRP Composite Using Acoustic Emission

Quasi-static indentation (QSI) experiments are conducted to investigate the localization, identification and evolution of induced damage in laminate composite up to delamination initiation using acoustic emission (AE) techniques. In this study, we propose a continuous wavelet transform (CWT)-based damage localization method for composites, which can simultaneously identify two damage modes, namely matrix cracking and delamination. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed algorithm, which utilizes the arrival time difference within a specific frequency band of the AE signal, effectively reduces the average location error from 3.81% to 2.31% compared to the existing method. Furthermore, the average signal location time has significantly decreased from several minutes to a mere 2 s. Matrix cracking and delamination are identified based on the maximum frequency band of CWT. Both types of damage exhibit prominent peaks within the 40 kHz-50 kHz frequency range, indicating their shared nature as manifestations of matrix damage, albeit with distinct modes of presentation. The first damage pattern that occurs is matrix cracking, succeeded by delamination damage. The nonlinear phase of the mechanical response curve is associated with the rapid aggregation of matrix cracking. Before the onset of macroscopic delamination damage, microscopic delamination damage begins to accumulate. A concentration of high-energy delamination damage signals predicts the initiation of macroscopic delamination.