Diagnostic Value of the HEAD‐US‐C Scale for the Knees of Severe Hemophilia A Patients

Objectives This study aimed to assess the reliability of the Hemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound in China (HEAD‐US‐C) scale for the knees of severe hemophilia A (SHA) patients and to determine its diagnostic accuracy for assessments of knee‐joint lesions in comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods We collected data from 32 knee joints of 21 patients diagnosed with SHA. The knees were evaluated based on the HEAD‐US‐C scale and the results were compared with the International Prevention Study Group (IPSG) scale. The HEAD‐US‐C scale was applied independently by two trained ultrasonographers blinded to the MRI results. The IPSG scale was applied independently by two radiologists blinded to the clinical data and ultrasound (US) results. Results The IPSG and HEAD‐US‐C scales exhibited good to excellent inter‐rater reliability. Additionally, there was good to excellent agreement between the US and MRI results for the detection of knee lesions in SHA patients. The sensitivities of US for joint effusion, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage loss, and bone‐surface irregularities in the knees of patients were 92.59, 100, 95.45, and 87.50%, respectively. The HEAD‐US‐C scale was positively correlated with the IPSG scale. Conclusions US is important for evaluating knee lesions in patients with SHA and may potentially replace MRI.