Surface Chemistry Regulated Gradient Multi-Component Solid Electrolyte Interphase for 460 Wh kg-1 Lithium Metal Pouch Cell

We present a simple and scalable surface chemical approach of spraying a dilute DFFSA solution on the Li surface to eliminate the native passivation layer and form a multi-component SEI, enabling stable cycling of a 460 W h kg −1 Li metal pouch cell.