Life Cycle Assessment for Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries’ Recycling Process: Environmental Impact, Energy Consumption, and Sensitivity Analysis

生命周期评估 能源消耗 环境影响评价 环境科学 原材料 废物管理 过程(计算) 锂(药物) 环境经济学 工艺工程 工程类 生产(经济) 计算机科学 化学 内分泌学 医学 生态学 电气工程 生物 经济 宏观经济学 有机化学 操作系统
作者
Yan Lu,Jianbo Wang
出处
期刊:ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering [American Chemical Society]
卷期号:12 (34): 12966-12975
标识
DOI:10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c04541
摘要

The management of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a significant challenge for recyclers due to the increasing prevalence of electric vehicles. Considerable endeavors have been performed to advance the management of spent LIBs by means of the innovation and implementation of recycling techniques, including high-temperature and hydrometallurgical methods (sulfuric acid and citric acid), as well as the in situ reduction roasting method (vacuum and N2). Nevertheless, the recycling process can potentially have adverse impacts on the environment and result in significant energy consumption, although the available data on this subject are currently limited. The present study utilized life cycle assessment (LCA) to comprehensively evaluate the environmental impact and energy consumption of these recycling processes. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of five distinct recycling systems, we have identified the crucial connections and primary elements that contribute to the mitigation of environmental consequences. While compared to the manufacture of new raw materials in industry, all recycling technologies have specific energy-saving and emission reduction impacts. The rates of consumption reduction are 68, 61, 38, 84, and 88%. This study provides a theoretical framework for firms and governments to establish more effective strategies for recycling of spent LIBs.

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