Performance enhancement of single layer organic light-emitting diodes using chlorinated indium tin oxide as the anode

Effective green single-layer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are reported with fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium [Ir(ppy)3] as a dopant and chlorinated indium tin oxide (Cl-ITO) as a transparent anode. The work function of the chlorinated ITO is manipulated to be ∼5.3 eV from ∼4.7 eV for bared ITO. The improvement in anode workfunction allows the direct hole injection into the HOMO of the phosphorescent dopant. As a result, the green phosphorescent OLEDs with simple single layers can deliver a current efficiency (CE) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) as high as 33.48 cd A-1 and 10.1%, respectively.