Evaluating the Association of Obesity and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Abstract Objective The aim of this Meta‐analysis and systematic review was to perform a comprehensive assessment of the association of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with overweight/obesity, leptin hormone, and its associated metabolic dysregulation. Data Sources Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were searched for studies from 1946 to October 2022, using predefined syntax. Review Methods Outcome data for the meta‐analysis were extracted on odds ratios (OR) of CRS prevalence based on the presence of overweight/obesity and mean serum leptin levels. A Meta‐analysis was performed using the DerSimonian‐Laird estimator to pool extracted data by the generalized inverse variance approach. Random effect models were utilized due to the small sample size. A qualitative synthesis was performed on articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria for the Meta‐analysis. Results Thirty‐six studies met the systematic review inclusion criteria out of 1113 articles screened. A total of 6 studies were included in the pooled Meta‐analysis of the various outcome variables. Our pooled meta‐analysis observed a positive association between overweight/obesity and the prevalence of CRS (OR = 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17‐1.51). The pooled ratio of the means analysis of the mean serum leptin levels between CRS with nasal polyposis and control patients was 2.21 (95% CI: 1.45; 3.36). Conclusion Our pooled Meta‐analysis indicates a positive association between overweight/obesity and CRS. Future prospective studies are needed to explore the association between CRS and obesity with an understanding of potential confounding comorbidities, including studies focused on assessing the underlying immunologic mechanism of this association.