Role of Biomarkers in Cancer Prevention and Therapy

Cancer is the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally because it is usually detected at advanced stages. If detected early, deaths by cancer can be reduced and survival can be prolonged. Different types of cells possess unique molecular signatures and characteristics in particular conditions, which can be measured objectively and serve as the biomarker for that condition. Various biomolecules present in tissues, blood, and other body fluids may indicate the presence of cancer. Cancer biomarkers are useful tools for risk assessment, early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and recurrence of cancer. Identification of reliable biomarkers can bring a deep understanding of carcinogenesis and help guide the clinicians in early detection and treatment of cancer. In the field of oncology, biomarker discovery has revolutionized the process of cancer treatment by focusing on the actionable targets in a cancer patient.