Optimization of hydraulic fracture monitoring approach: A perspective on integrated fiber optics and sonic tools

The successful exploitation of unconventional reservoirs heavily relies on the efficient stimulation of hydrocarbon-bearing formations through hydraulic fracturing. In this context, the accurate monitoring and characterization of hydraulic fractures are essential in optimizing well productivity and ultimate recovery. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation aimed at refining hydraulic fracture monitoring techniques and approaches. The proposed methodology involves the integration of two cutting-edge technologies to enhance fracture monitoring: Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (DFOS) and Sonic logging tools. The utilization of Fiber optics empowers fracture monitoring through distributed temperature sensing (DTS) and distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). DTS enables the tracking of temperature changes along the fiber optic cable, facilitating the detection of fluid movement during fracturing. On the other hand, DAS identifies acoustic vibrations generated by subsurface fractures. Far-field strain changes are also being monitored using Low Frequency Distributed Acoustic Sensing (LF-DAS). Similarly, sonic tool offers effective monitoring capabilities for hydraulic fractures in oil and gas reservoirs. The tool emits sound waves into the rock formation and analyzes their travel time to determine rock properties, fracture extent, fluid saturation, and fracture permeability. The continuous assessment of the acoustic response aids in refining fracturing techniques, optimizing production, and informed reservoir management. However, amidst the distinct merits and constraints associated with various techniques, the integration of these two monitoring tools presents a pathway to a significantly enhanced comprehension of fracture propagation, geometry, and interconnections. The case studies presented exemplify the inherent advantages of employing this integrated methodology as compared to traditional individual techniques. This comprehensive approach holds significant potential for optimizing both the design and implementation of hydraulic fracturing, paving the way for improved reservoir management and sustainable energy production in unconventional reservoirs.