Elevated Netrin-4 Expression and Its Action in Infrapatellar Fat Pad

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by inflammation and cartilage degradation. The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP), located beneath the patella within the knee joint, serves as a key anatomical structure involved in cushioning and supporting the knee. It is also an active endocrine organ that secretes various bioactive substances, potentially influencing the local inflammatory environment and contributing to KOA pathogenesis. Netrin-4 (NTN4), a protein primarily known for its role in neuronal guidance, has been implicated in various non-neuronal functions, including inflammatory processes and tissue remodeling. This study aims to explore the involvement of NTN4 in KOA, focusing on its expression in the IFP and its potential impact on disease progression. This study involved 82 patients with radiographically confirmed KOA undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The correlation between