A Formulation Case Study Comparing the Dynamic Gastric Model with Conventional Dissolution Methods

Even in the 21st century, conventional compendial dissolution testing remains a key cornerstone of the drug development process and quality control testing.However, opportunities exist with respect to in vitro technology developments that provide the potential for formulation and analytical scientists to exceed the capabilities of the conventional dissolution test toward a more biorelevant testing regime.This work presents a product development case study in which bioequivalence was observed between an immediate-release (IR) innovator product and a comparative singlelayer reference product.Despite this, when the constituent granule of the comparative single-layer reference product was formulated in a bilayer formulation with a nondisintegrating second layer, bioequivalence versus the innovator was not achieved.The use of USP Apparatus 2 dissolution testing failed to predict the bioequivalence failure, and hence an investigation was undertaken to develop a mechanistic understanding of in vivo behavior.Using both USP Apparatus 4 dissolution in the open-loop configuration and the dynamic gastric model (a novel in vitro model designed to mimic the human stomach), an understanding of the dissolution and disintegration properties of the reference product was established.The insights gained using novel technology facilitated the redesign and subsequent improvement in pharmacokinetic parameters of a complex pharmaceutical dosage form.