Advancements in luminescent supramolecular compounds for the detection of pesticides residue: a comprehensive review

The use of excessive pesticides, including fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides, in agriculture has increased particularly as they can pollute the environment and perhaps have negative health impacts. As a result, pesticide residues find their way into various media, such as food and water products, where they may expose people directly. Thus, there is a constant need to develop analytical techniques for identifying and measuring these chemicals in the various environmental media in which they may be found. The utilisation of pillar[n]arenes, cucurbit[n]urils, and calix[n]arenes in this field is reviewed, with particular attention given to how these compounds combine with herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides to create host-guest complexes. Thus, there is an excellent for luminescence-based supramolecular compounds that can meet the demands of complex, real-world media while demonstrating selectivity, sensitivity, and application. Recent advances in supramolecular compounds with luminous macrocycles, polymers, and nanomaterials are discussed here to achieve these aims. The creation of novel macrocycle hosts has received particular attention, and the fundamental ideas of supramolecular chemistry, useful analytes, and prevalent luminophores have also been considered. The review addresses modern advancements in supramolecular sensors and several unresolved issues in supramolecules.