Ethno-cultural Organizations in Changing Social Landscapes: A Case Study of Portuguese Organizations in Toronto

Toronto has historically been an important destination for immigrants, who have settled in diverse and often well-delineated urban neighborhoods, often establishing their own ethno-cultural organizations. This study explores the structure and functioning of Portuguese community organizations and their role in facilitating cultural preservation and adaptation among immigrants and their descendants. Questionnaire surveys revealed that Portuguese organizations provide culturally oriented services including social, cultural, and educational activities. Many played a key role in facilitating the social-cultural transition from voluntary segregation during settlement and community formation from the 1950s to the 1970s, and continue to help community members adapt to their new society by helping them find housing and employment.