Revealing the Synergistic Effect of Feedstock Compositions and Process Parameters in Co-Pyrolysis: A Review Based on Bibliometric Analysis and Experimental Studies

Waste considers as a liability, but its potential as an asset can be achieved through proper valorization. This study analysed one valorization process, 'co-pyrolysis,' using insights from the bibliometric analysis and experimental literature sources. The analysis primarily focuses on understanding the impact of process parameters, catalysts, and feedstock characteristics. The empirical findings highlight the significance of polymer-to-biomass ratios in feedstock, where a higher plastic content leads to increased oil production, while greater biomass ratios tend to enhance char generation. The effect of temperature and resident time on co-pyrolysis yield is also apparent. Specifically, high temperature and resident time result in better oil production and reduced char formation during co-pyrolysis. Optimal oil yield occurs with intermediate resident times of 50-100 min with higher temperatures ranging from 450-700°C. While the prime conditions for optimal char yield fall within a residence time of 30-60 min and temperatures ranges 400-500°C. Moreover, the introduction of catalysts into the reaction enhances both oil yield and quality within the co-pyrolysis process. However, challenges pertaining to feedstock availability and sorting remain significant hurdles. Hence, the outcome reveals that higher amount of plastic waste, with higher temperature and appropriate resident time can increase the amount of oil in the co-pyrolysis process.