A review on recent advancements in biochemical fixation and transformation of CO2 into constructive products

Ocean acidification and global warming are two effects of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. Several researchers are attempting to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by a variety of conversion techniques. For CO2 fixation and conversion, a number of techniques have been used. The biological fixation and transformation of carbon dioxide is regarded as an efficient approach because of its unique qualities, which include cost-effectiveness and the conversion of useful products. The Calvin cycle, also known as the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) pathway, the reductive TCA cycle, the reductive acetyl Co-A pathway, the 3-hydroxy propionate pathway/malyl-CoA pathway (3-HP), the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle, and the Dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle were the biochemical pathways that fixed carbon dioxide. Numerous sorts of microbes are able to transform carbon dioxide into useful compounds, such as organic acids, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, sugars, biomethane, bio alcohol, biodiesel, and bioplastics. This review article explains the latest developments in biological carbon dioxide fixation and transformation, as well as their processes and practical applications. This paper also covers the benefits and difficulties of the biochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into several useful compounds.